I want to preface this by saying that I am not an expert. I am just an adoptive mama and a teacher of kiddos who come from hard places. I am passionate about being trauma informed and continually reading anything I can get my hands on. My voice is for my teenager who deserves to be understood and for all of the students who have touched my heart walking through my classroom.
My Why
In the first year of a child’s life they learn that they can or cannot trust. When I cry, will you come? When I need you, will you be there? I am hungry, will you feed me? When a child can not trust that their basic needs will be met, it activates a stress response in the brain. When a stress response is activated too frequently, in wreaks havoc on your brain’s ability to regulate things like cortisol, serotonin and noradrenaline leading to problems with decision making, impulsivity, concentration, aggression… I am still learning about and understanding the complexities of our brain, but my point is that this first lesson about trust alters a child’s brain chemistry (and other organ systems). Newer research even shows that trauma can be passed down genetically. My mind was blown when I read about this.
The theory of Transgenerational Trauma is both fascinating and heartbreaking. That little one that I just mentioned, whose primary caregiver ignored his cries, whose boo-boos weren’t kissed and whose hungry tummy wasn’t filled… There is high probability that this infant was born already predispositioned to exhibit trauma response symptoms such as, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, self-destructive behavior and/or suicidal ideation. Between the transgenerational trauma and the toxic stress caused by the current trauma, their brain chemistry is altered. If you look at brain scans comparing a healthy brain to a trauma-impacted brain, it is chilling. Recently, I was reading The Deepest Well by Dr. Nadine Burke Harris. I highly recommend everyone reads this text. One thing she discusses is how toxic stress can alter how our DNA is read and how cells replicate. Again, fascinating but incredibly HEARTBREAKING.
If a child learns that they are responsible for their own safety; they do not learn healthy self-regulation skills. A young child learns regulation skills as their primary caregiver(s) starts by regulating all things, to the gradual release of independence as a child grows. Children who are not in a safe, healthy and loving environment, learn survival strategies. These “strategies” become a child’s toolbox of coping skills. These coping skills manifest into behavior. Behavior is not intentional or deliberate disobedience. It is not manipulation or defiance. Behavior, when rooted in trauma, is really just a whole bunch of coping skills that a child has taught themselves to survive. That behavior (think: survival strategy) is meeting some type of need for the child. Their thought process is more like, “If I am not in control, I WILL die.”
Trust is at the core of every relationship. When the only person in the whole world you trust is yourself, the entire world is a very scary place. Trauma has altered their sense of self, their sense of others and truly their entire identity and worldview. They do not know their value and this impacts what they believe they are capable of and often the lack of motivation to even try. These kids will do well if they are able to. It isn’t about if they simply want to or not.
If we view behavior with this understanding, it may make more sense why the best advice for typically developing children will not work for children with high ACE (Adverse Childhood Experiences) scores. In fact, traditional parenting and/or behavior management strategies can actually cause further trauma. Trauma caused by an unhealthy relationship with a primary caregiver can be healed with… relationships. Any adult reaction to child behavior (remember: survival strategies) has to put this knowledge first. Any redirection has to be more about the relationship than about compliance. Simply put, the goal cannot simply be compliance.
It all comes back to trust. Building trust is done side-by-side and not in a power struggle. Yes, we want to correct unexpected and/or unsafe behaviors and yes, it is nice to feel respected, but this won’t happen through demanding compliance. You have to remember that this child is having an internal power struggle: Do I trust you or do I trust myself? Do I let you help me or do I help myself?
The very heart of helping children, who come from hard places, is connection. Connection comes from a place of trust, empathy and grace. Correction is leveled at the behavior and not at the child. The child is valued. The child is loved and important and perfectly and wonderfully made. The behavior is a survival strategy that is not working. You cannot break trust, cause a child to question their worth, or cause a child to feel unsafe, and expect compliance. What you will see is a child jumping right back into their survival strategies, typically manifesting into a fight-flight-freeze response. It is way faster for a child’s brain to jump to imploding or exploding than it is for their brain to rationalize and identify cause-and-effect. Through connection, you can work to empower and correct. This requires collaboration (I am a big fan of Ross Greene) with the child and a bond built on trust. This takes time. Connecting with children is not “rewarding the unexpected or unsafe behavior.” Connection is putting the child above the behavior, allowing you to cushion and reduce the impact of stressors. This will allow the child to regulate and be in a place where you can work on correction. This isn’t easy. It is time consuming. It requires a lot of patience and can be exhausting. I try to be so mindful of this and I still mess up.
Remember that safe, stable and nurturing adult relationships are the best antidote to the toxic stress caused by childhood trauma. We are all capable of being that adult. One adult can change the trajectory of a child’s life forever.
Do the best you can until you know better.
Maya Angelo
Then when you know better,
Do better.
Burke Harris, Nadine. The Deepest Well, 2018
Greene, Ross. The Explosive Child, 1998
Purvis, Karen. The Connected Child, 2007






